Q Bank for Civil Engineer LDCE Exam- Write Short Notes on (23)

Q.No. 13 Write short notes on :-

a) Imprest Store.,charged of store, surplus store 

 IMPREST STORES:-

The imprest with every subordinate should be fixed by the head of department. The scale of imprest sanctioned for each subordinate should not be increased or decreased except by the authority who originally fixed the scale. Material issued from in present stock should be recouped as soon after the issues as possible. The subordinate concerned may place requisitions for the recoupment of imprest stores direct on the authorized stores Depot. No transfer of stores between imprest holders should be permitted except when stores are immediately required in a particular area in an emergency and are not available at the time with the imprest holder of that area.

CHARGED OF STORES:-

The following types of stores come under this category :- Consumable stores, such as kerosene oil, paints, varnishes, cotton waste and grease, etc. issued for ordinary repairs and maintenance, charged to revenue. Stores such as cement, roofing sheets, tiles flooring stone, pipes and special and hard ware fittings, required for maintenance, charged to revenue.

SURPLUS STORE:-

Comprise stores wich are surplus to requirements and include materials released from renewals and replacements as well as from dismantled works. Such stores should be kept distinct from imprest or any other kinds of stores. The disposal of such stores either by transfer to other works districts or divisions or by return to stores depot or by sale should be arranged for by the executive engineer concerned and in the case of permanent way surplus stores in consultation with the track supply officer.

b) River Training works:

The following types of river training works are generally adopted on the Indian Railway:- 

1 Guide Bunds: 

2 Spurs (Groynes) 

3 Marginal Bunds 

4 Closure Bunds; and 

5 Assisted cut offs. 

1. Explain Steps to improve running over turn outs 

2. Define soil consistency, what are consistency limit 

 c) PRE AND POST TAMPING WORKS – 

To achieve good results the P.W.I should carry out the following preparatory work before taking up the tamping: 

a) Ballasting where there is shortage of ballast. 

b) Heaping up of ballast in the temping zone, to ensure effective packing. 

c) Making up of low cess. 

d) Cleaning of pumping joints and providing additional clean ballast, where necessary. 

e) Attending to hogged joints before tamping.

f) Tightening of all fitting and fastenings like fish bolts and keys, splitting of cotters, and replacement of worn out fittings. 

g) Renewing broken and damaged sleepers. 

h) Squaring of sleepers and spacing adjustment; regauging to be done as necessary. 

i) Adjusting creep and expansion gap in rails. 

j) Examination of rails for cracks etc. 

k) Realigning of curves which are badly out of alignment. 

l) Clearing of ballast on sleepers to make them visible to the operator. 

m) All obstruction such as signal rods, cables, pipes, level crossing check rails, etc., likely to be damaged by the tampers should be clearly marked. 

4) Attention during tamping :- The following points should be observed by the machine operator and the Permanent Way inspector. 

a) The tamping depth i.e gap between the top edge of the tamping blade and the bottom edge of the sleepers in closed position of the tamping tool should be adjusted depending on the type of sleepers. 

b) The tamping (squeezing) Pressure should be adjusted according to the track structure, as per the recommendations of the manufacturer. 

c) The number of insertions of tamping tools, per sleeper tamped, varies with the type of sleeper: 

i. CST-9 sleepers and steel trough sleepers require tamping twice before passing on to the next sleeper. 

ii. Wooden sleepers – Normally one insertion upto 20 mm. Lift and two insertions for lifts above 20 mm may suffice. One additional insertion for joint sleepers will be required. 

iii. Concrete sleepers – Generally one insertion is adequate. Two insertions may be necessary if the lift is above 30 mm. 

D) While Tamping CST-9 and steel trough Sleepers, it should be checked that the keys are properly driven and they are tight. 

e) The shoulders should be compacted along with tamping, where separate provision for shoulder compaction is available. 

f) A run-off ramp of 1 in 1000 should be given before closing the day’s work.

Post tamping Attention – The Permanent way inspector shall pay attention to the following points : 

a) As some of the rigid fastenings might get loose, tightening of fittings should be done immediately after tamping. 

b) Any broken fitting should be replaced. 

c) It is preferable to check gauge and do gauging, wherever necessary, after tamping. 

d) Proper quality check of work done by tamping machine is important. Immediately after the tamping work, the track should be checked, in respect of cross levels and alignment, and action taken as considered necessary. 

e) The ballast should be dressed neatly and proper consolidation of ballast between the sleepers should be done.

D) DS-8 NOTE:-

This is a receipt voucher on which credit is given to the party returning the released material not require for use. Such material is classified by concerned officer and credit is given to the returning party. The following type of material should be return on DS-8 

NOTE 

1. Balance material after completion of specific work. 

2. Release material from old work. 

3. Tools and plants which is used or in broken condition. 

4. Scrap. It is prepared in 6 copies. 1st copy is office copy,(2nd ,3rd &4th ) three copies are sent to the depot along with the material and 5th copy sent to account office and 6th copy is sent to divisional works account section as advance copy. 

 E)What are the condition for C clacc level xing close to road traffic can be kept open to Road traffic. CLOSED to road traffic L-xing ‘C’ Class can be open to road traffic if following conditions are fulfilled I. L.C. should not be located in a Suburban Section. II. L.C. should not be in Automatic Block Signallling or Automatic permissible block signallling territories. 

III. Should have a telephone connection with the nearest station with exchange of private numbers. 

IV. Visibility at the level crossing should be good.

V. Should be provided with whistle boards on either side at adequate distance to enjoin the Drivers of approaching trains to give audible warning of the approach of a train to the road users. 

VI. As long as the level crossing gate is kept open to road traffic a red flag by day time and red light (by using hand signal lamp) during night, should be displayed towards the approaching trains on either side of level crossing. 

f) Running over t/out can be improved taking following steps 

A) All avoidable joints should be welded 

B) CMS xing should be made gapless 

C) Wear in cms xing should not be more than 6mm 

D) 1meter long fish plate to be provided at all joints E) Sleeper to sleeper gauge variation should not be more than 1mm

g) SOIL CONSISTENCY

The property of soil which is evident by its resistance to flow is called soil consistency.

Consistency helps to understand the degree of cohesion between various soil particles. A fine grained soil thus remain normally in any one of the flowing states: 

1) Liquid state 

2) Plastic state 

3) Semi-soil state 

4) Solid state Atterberg limits or consistency limits Atterberg limits are very useful civil engineering purposes. Brief details of these consistency limits as under: 

1) Liquid limits(L.L): The minimum moisture content at which the soil remains in liquid state, possessing a very little shear strength against flowing is called liquid limit. Liquid limit can also be defined as the minimum water content at which a pat of soil cut by a groove of standard dimensions, will close for a distance of about 12 mm at the bottom of the groove under an impact of 25 blows in standard liquid limit apparatus. 

2) Plastic limit (P.L.): Is defined as the minimum water content at which the soil can be rolled into a thred approximately 3 mm in diameter without breaking. 

3) Shrinkage limit (S.L.): is define as the water content blow which further reduction in water content by evaporation does not cause a reduction in volume of the soil mass. The above limits are shown as in figure.

 MOISTURE CONTENT %