Qus. Write Short Notes on Track Tolerances for Broad Gauge (BG) Track.

प्रश्न: ब्रॉड गेज (BG) ट्रैक के लिए ट्रैक टॉलरेंस (Track Tolerances) पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।

उत्तर:  ट्रैक टॉलरेंस (Track Tolerances) क्या है?

ट्रैक टॉलरेंस से अभिप्राय ट्रैक ज्यामिति (Track Geometry) के विभिन्न मानकों में मानक (Standard) मान से अनुमेय (Permissible) विचलन की सीमा से है।

रेल पथ की सुरक्षा, यात्रियों की आरामदायक यात्रा तथा ट्रेनों के सुचारु एवं सुरक्षित संचालन के लिए ट्रैक का सही ज्यामितीय स्वरूप (Geometry) अत्यंत आवश्यक है। व्यवहार में पूर्णतः दोषरहित ट्रैक बनाए रखना संभव नहीं होता, क्योंकि रेलों पर निरंतर यातायात, भार, तापमान परिवर्तन तथा अन्य प्राकृतिक कारणों से ट्रैक में कुछ परिवर्तन आ जाते हैं। इसलिए भारतीय रेलवे द्वारा विभिन्न ट्रैक ज्यामिति मानकों के लिए अनुमेय विचलन (Tolerance Limits) निर्धारित किए गए हैं, जिन्हें Track Tolerances कहा जाता है।

Procedure of distressing with rail tensor in LWR & CWR territory

Q - Describe in details procedure for Procedure of distressing with rail tensor in LWR & CWR territory. 

Ans - Distressing of LWR/ CWR shall be done whenever required as per condition and behavior of LWR/ CWR. But in any case it shall be done at least once in 5 years as per CE circular.

Distressing is to be done when – Abnormal behavior of LWR/ CWR whenever gets manifested in one or more of the following, distressing shall be undertaken as per procedure. 

Q. & Ans - What are the main cause of crushing of PRC sleeper in washable aprons and what are the remedial measures?

Q.  What are the main cause of crushing of PRC sleeper in washable aprons and what are the remedial measures?

Ans - The washable aprons are constructed on the concrete raft. The PRC sleepers placed on the raft and after palcing of sleeper the crib is casted one bitumen sheet also provided under the sleepers at both ends for facilitating the elastic medium between sleeper and raft. 

Now during casting of crib the concrete as well as cement sullary flows under the middle of sleeper which give the rigid support to the sleeper resulting to this the sleeper becomes centre rigid and ends on elastic support due to this uneven base the sleeper sheared while wheel load comes on the sleeper . 

Inspection and maintenance of Track on Approaches of Bridges

 Inspection and maintenance of Track on Approaches of Bridges :- 

(a) For all Bridges- 

(1) On the bridge approaches, sleepers with arrangements for fixing guard rail should be provided for provision of guard as per Para 275 above.

(2) Full complement of track fitting at bridge approaches up to 100 metres should be provide to maintain required track geometry and effort should be made to immediately recoup deficiency noticed, if any. 

Short Notes on Residual Chlorine

Residual Chlorine:

Residual Chlorine is a low level of chlorine remaining in water after its initial application. This is an indicator that Chlorine Demand is satisfied. It constitutes an important safeguard against the risk of subsequent microbial contamination after treatment The provision of IRWM 2000 are as under:

Short Note on Completion report

Completion report

The object of a completion Report is to compare the cost of work actually constructed with those provided in the last sanctioned estimate. The completion report of a project duly verified by the Accounts Officer should be submitted to the Railway Board within 18 months after the end of the financial half-year in which the completion estimate is submitted. It should state the expenditure in the same details as the abstract estimate sanctioned by the Railway Board and should indicate any material modifications thereto. In addition it may contain such other information as would in the opinion of the Railway Administration be of interest to the Railway Board. 

Short Note on Setting Out of Circular Curve by Theodolite and Tape Method.

Setting Out of Circular Curve by Theodolite and Tape Method.

i) First of all the tangential angles δ 1 , δ 2 , δ 3 etc are calculated by the formula given below.

δ1 = 1718.9 X C1__ minutes

R δ 2 = 1718.9 X C2 __ minutes

R δ 3 = 1718.9 X C3 __ minutes and so on R

Also the total deflection angel

for the 1st Chord 1 = δ 1

For 2nd chord 2 = δ 1 + δ 2

For 3rd chord 3 = δ 1 + δ 2 + δ 3

ii) Then set up a theodolite over the first tangent Point T1 and level it.

iii) With both the plates clamped at Zero, dissect the telescope to the ranging rod at the point of intersection B and bisect it.

Short Notes on Maintenance of PRC sleepers

Maintenance of PRC sleepers

(I) Concrete sleepers should normally be maintained with heavy on track tamers. For spot attention, off track tampers may be used.

(ii) Only 30 sleeper spaces are to be opened out at a time between two fully boxed stretches of track of 30 sleeper lengths each in case LWR track exists.

(III) The concrete sleepers should be compacted well and uniformly to give a good riding surface centre binding of mono block concrete sleepers should be avoided and for that purpose the central 800mm. Of the sleeper should be hard packed.

Short Notes on Concrete Mix Design

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN:- The concrete mix design is a process of selecting suitable ingredients for concrete and determining their proportions which would produce, as economically as possible, a concrete mix of necessary workability in plastic stage and provide required strength and durability in hardened stage.

Cement , Sand, Coarse aggregate are mix in a certain proportion which can be 1:4:8, 1:3:6, 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 i.e. M-10, M-15, M-20 grade of concrete such mixes are known as nominal mix and prepare by volume or weight batching. However if grade of concrete exceed M-20 than proportion of ingredients design in lab than implicated in filled. Such higher grads of concrete are complemented by inclusion of admixture so as to achieve higher compressive strength. Proportion of such admixture are essential in mix design to get more workability with less water cement ratio. Design mix is adopted in important nature of works and a weigh batcher is also must at site to mix proper weight of ingredients. 

Short Notes on. Honey Combing of Concrete & its prevention

Honey combing of concrete & its prevention.


Honey combed

For laying roofs slab , loose centering should not be permitted where vibraters are used otherwise the bottom of the slab will be honeycombed .

Preventions

1. Centring should be made of steel or strong wood of which joints should be water tight.

Short Notes on Protection of Rail from Liner Biting

 Protection of rail from liner biting. 

Ans. Protection of rail from liner biting- 

Generally  in  yards  due  to  drainage  problem,  which  causes  dampness  conditions,   there  is  corrosion  mainly  in  the  rail  foot  area.  In  addition  in  stretches  where  passenger   trains run in the early morning hours, due to toilet droppings, there is reduction in the rail  foot  in  the  area  which  is  in  contact  with  the  liners.  The  remaining  section  of  the  rail  is   normally not affected in such cases. In case of rail corrosion at fastening location, the measurement of rail corrosion in  rail  foot  it  to  be  done  at  every  500mm  or  part  once  a  year.  The  format  for  this   measurement shall be as given below :- 

Short Notes on Types of L-Xing & Elimination of Unmanned L-Xings

Types of L-Xing  & Elimination of Unmanned L-Xings 

Type of L-Xing :- L-Xings have been classified in various categories in consultation with road authorities depending upon the volume of Road/Rail Traffic passing on them and their visibility conditions. These are classified as under:- 

Short Notes on Fineness modulus

 Fineness modulus:- 

Fineness modulus of an aggregate in an index number which gives an average size of particle in the aggregate. Fineness modulus is roughly proportional to the average size of particle in the aggregate. Coarser the aggregate higher the fineness modulus and vice versa. It is determined by adding the cumulative percentage of material coarser than each of the following test sieves and dividing the sum by 100. Test sieves 3.35 mm, 2.36mm,1.8 mm,600 micron,300 micron,150 micron and 75 micron 

Q & Ans - Related to Rain Water Harvesting (Civil Engineering - Works)

 Questions -

a.  Explain rain water harvesting, why it is required?

 b. Explain advantages of rain water harvesting. 

c. Explain methods of rain water harvesting & maintenance tips for rainwater harvesting. 

d. Short Note0n Rain water Harvesting. 

e.  Introduction, Necessity, Basic Types & Advantages of Rain Water Harvesting.

ANS. a.  i. Rain water harvesting For our water requirement we entirely depend upon rivers, lakes and ground water. However rain is the ultimate source that feeds all these sources. Rain water harvesting means to make optimum use of rain water at the place where it falls i.e. conserve it ad not allow to drain away and cause floods elsewhere. The rain water harvesting may be defined as the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in sub-surface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off. The augmented resources can be harvested whenever needed.

Describe in details procedure for removal of track man from service including appeals, reviews etc.

 Q.No.10 . Describe in details procedure for removal of track man from service including appeals, reviews etc. 

Answer - Due to following activities, a railway servant (trackman) may be removed from service after following procedure — Due to act of omission/ commission, the administration took the decision to take up any railway servant under D &A R, a show cause notice is served upon the employee giving him opportunity to say against the charges.After receiving his explanation, the competent authority, if find suitable serve him major penalty chart sheet (SF-5) .provide copies of documents of their inspection with Annexure I, ii, iii & iv.

Explain duty of first engineering official reaching at accident site.

  Explain duty of first engineering official reaching at accident site. 

Ans:- (a) On receipt of intimation of the occurrence of an accident resulting in damage to any part of the Way/Works /Bridges and affecting the free passage of trains, the concerned Engineering official shall proceed to the site of accident, by the quickest available means. On his way, he should collect information about the extent of damage to Permanent Way / Works / Bridges and arrange for movement of materials required for restoration. Action at site -

Q. What inspection an AEN on open line is required to carryout & it what Periodicity?

Ans:-Inspection of Permanent Way – The important inspections to be carried out by the Assistant Engineer are summarized below: 

(1) Trolley Inspection - The entire sub-division should be inspected by trolley once in two months on pro-rata basis systematically covering from one end to other end of his jurisdiction, as much inspection as possible being done by push trolley. Unimportant branch lines having less than 2 GMT traffic should be inspected once in 3 months. 

Type & category of encroachments in Railway & division fixation of responsibility for encroachments

 i. Type/category of encroachments in Railway 

Category                    Type of encroachments 

Category -A         Encroachments by outsiders, removal of which requires action under                                     Public Premises Eviction Act.

Category -B        Encroachments by outsiders, which do not require action under PPE 

                            Act (e.g. temporary occupation of land by hawkers, using Railway land

                            for cattle, cow dung, refuse etc.)

Category -C        Encroachment by Railways staff in the form of temporary huts etc.

Category -D        Encroachment by Railway staff who have been allotted 

                           railway accommodation, by way of additions to the structures,

                           unauthorized use of land for cultivation etc. 

Action plan for prevention and removal of encroachments from Railway land.

Action plan for prevention and removal of encroachments from Railway land.

i. Preventive Steps

a) Identification of Vulnerable areas.

b) Construction of boundary wall/fencing in the vulnerable areas. 

c) Plantation of Juli Flora or similarly effective bushes in the area.\ 

d) Ensuring proper maintenance of boundary pillars in the area.

e) Interaction with local authorities for assistance in preventing encroachments in these areas.

Short Note On Degree of Saturation

Degree of saturation 

The ratio of volume of water in a given soil mass to the volume of voids is called degree of saturation. It is denoted by ‘S’ and is expressed as a percentage. Therefore, it is also known as percentage of saturation. S= (Vw /Vv)* 100

(i) Dry, if ‘ S ‘ is zero percent 

(ii) Fully saturated, if ‘ S ‘ is 100 percent 

(iii) Partially saturated, if ‘S ‘is between 0 and 100 %.

Soil Classification (Degree of Saturation)