Short Note on Maintenance of Insulated Joints.

Insulated Joint का रखरखाव (Maintenance of Insulated Joints)

रेल पथ में Insulated Joint (IJ) का उपयोग ट्रैक सर्किट (Track Circuit) के विभिन्न विद्युत सेक्शनों को एक-दूसरे से पृथक रखने के लिए किया जाता है। चूँकि यह सिग्नलिंग प्रणाली का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण भाग है, इसलिए इसकी यांत्रिक (Mechanical) एवं विद्युत (Electrical) दोनों दृष्टियों से नियमित जाँच एवं उचित रखरखाव आवश्यक है। Insulated Joint के रखरखाव के दौरान निम्नलिखित सावधानियों का पालन किया जाना चाहिए—

Qus. Write Short Notes on Track Tolerances for Broad Gauge (BG) Track.

प्रश्न: ब्रॉड गेज (BG) ट्रैक के लिए ट्रैक टॉलरेंस (Track Tolerances) पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए।

उत्तर:  ट्रैक टॉलरेंस (Track Tolerances) क्या है?

ट्रैक टॉलरेंस से अभिप्राय ट्रैक ज्यामिति (Track Geometry) के विभिन्न मानकों में मानक (Standard) मान से अनुमेय (Permissible) विचलन की सीमा से है।

रेल पथ की सुरक्षा, यात्रियों की आरामदायक यात्रा तथा ट्रेनों के सुचारु एवं सुरक्षित संचालन के लिए ट्रैक का सही ज्यामितीय स्वरूप (Geometry) अत्यंत आवश्यक है। व्यवहार में पूर्णतः दोषरहित ट्रैक बनाए रखना संभव नहीं होता, क्योंकि रेलों पर निरंतर यातायात, भार, तापमान परिवर्तन तथा अन्य प्राकृतिक कारणों से ट्रैक में कुछ परिवर्तन आ जाते हैं। इसलिए भारतीय रेलवे द्वारा विभिन्न ट्रैक ज्यामिति मानकों के लिए अनुमेय विचलन (Tolerance Limits) निर्धारित किए गए हैं, जिन्हें Track Tolerances कहा जाता है।

Short notes For Civil Engineer LDCE & Other Exam (P Way)

  Write short notes

(a) Mean annual rail temperature 

Ans (a): Mean Rail temperature- Denoted at tm for a section, it is the average of the maximum and minimum rail temperature recorded for the section. tm= (tmax +tmin ) / 2 

(b)Stress free temperature 

Ans (b): Stress free temperature- Denoted as to , it is the rail temperature of which the rail is free of thermal stress.

(c) Breathing length in a LWR 

Ans (c.): Breathing length in LWR- Breathing length is that length at each end of LWR/CWR, which is subjected to expansion/Contraction on account of temperature variations. 

Short Note On Thermit Welding quality control

Thermit Welding & its quality control: -

A fish plated joint has been a necessary evil in the railway track right from beginning of railway. To overcome the various problems posed by the fish plated joints and reduced the maintenance cost the need for welding of rail ends was felt. Joining of two rails end by the application of heat is called welding. Among the various tetchiness of welding the AT welding is used now days for scattered and spot welding.

Short Note on TGI & OMS

TGI and OMS :- It is utmost important to ensure passenger comfort and safety of track. In order to improve longevity of assets. This can be achieved by frequent inspection, detection of irregularities and their quick elimination, various method of inspection has been adopted by P.Way engineers.

Short Notes on Buckling of track, Cause and prevention

Buckling of track, Cause and prevention.-

1. Buckling of Track: - When the compressive stresses become higher than the resistance (Lateral or longitudinal or both) offered by the track structure then alignment of track (vertically or laterally or both) distorted, this phenomena is called the buckling of track.

2. Cause:- Any act which reduces the resistance offered by the track such as:-

i. Weakening or removal connections between rail and sleepers such as missing or in effectiveness of rail to sleepers fitting.

Short Note on Works needing CRS Sanction

Works needing CRS Sanction

CRS sanction required for the execution of any work on the open line which will affect the running of trains carrying passengers and temporary arrangements necessary carrying out it. Such as:-

i. Addition, Extension or alteration to running lines. ii. Alteration to Points & Xing in running line.

iii. New Signaling and inter locking installation or alteration to existing installation.

iv. New station temporary or permanent.

v. Heavy regarding of running line involving lowering/raising of track in excess of 500 mm.

vi. New Bridges, Addition or replacement of existing girders including provision of temporary girders.

vii. Provision of new L-Xings, shifting of L-Xing, Demanding and down grading, manning of unmanned L-Xing, Upgrading of L-Xings, Closing down of L-Xings.

viii. Permanent Diversion.

Short Note on Maintenance precaution in LWR track

Maintenance precaution in LWR track : - 

 Maintenance of LWR is very sensitive and required special attention some of precaution required are as under:-

i. Any maintenance of LWR/CWR should be under competent and trained personnel

ii. Maintenance work should be confined to hours when the rail temperature is between Td + 10 and Td-30. If rail temperature after maintenance operations exceeds Td+20 Centigrade than during the consolidation period speed restriction of 50 Kmph shall be imposed.

Short Note on Permitted Location for LWR

Permitted Location for LWR :-

i. Complete track renewal shall provide with LWR/CWR. Existing rail laid on permitted location may also be converted into LWR/CWR.

ii. New construction/doubling/Gauge conversion shall be opened with LWR/CWR

iii. In goods running lines where condition of all the track component is sound

iv. LWR/ CWR shall not be permitted where rails are subjected heavy wear,

corrosion and needing frequent renewal

Short Note on Main duties of ADEN

Main duties of ADEN:- 

 ADEN is generally responsible for the maintenance and safety of all way and works in his charge for the accuracy, quality and progress of new work and control over all expenditure in relation to budget allotment. Main duties of ADEN are as under:-

i. Inspection and maintenance of track and all structures in a satisfactory and safe conditions.

ii. Preparation of plans and estimates, execution and measurement of works including track works.

Short Notes River Training protection work

River Training and protection work :- The object of river training/protection work is to prevent the river from damaging railway Formation Bridge and other structure. The following type of river training works is generally adopted in the Indian Railway:-

a. Guide Bunds: Guide bunds are meant to confine and guide the river flow through the structure without causing damage to it and its approaches.

b. Spur/groyne : It is structure constructed transverse to the river flow and is projected from the bank of the river.

Short Note On Transitions, safe speed and super elevation on curves

 Transitions, safe speed and super elevation on curves  

1) Cant or super elevation is the amount by which one rail is raised above the other  rail. It is positive when the outer rail on a curved track is raised above inner rail  and is negative when the inner rail on a curved track is raised above the outer rail. 

2) Equilibrium speed is the speed at which the centrifugal force developed during the  movement of the vehicle on a curved track is exactly balanced by the cant  provided. 

Short Notes on Pre & post tamping operations for TRT machines.

 Pre & post tamping operations for TRT machines. 

TRT machine is being used for carrying out TRR and TSR simultaneously in the field. 

Pre-Tamping operation :

i. Field survey should be carried out to determine existing profile of track and to decide the general lift. In case of design mode working, the survey should be done as per guidelines.

ii. The beginning and the end of curves/ transition curves should be marked on sleepers. Super- elevation and slew should e marked on alternate sleepers to act as guide for the operator. 

Short Note on Hot Weather Patrolling

HOT WEATHER PATROLLING

Period for hot weather patrolling shall be laid down by the Chief Engineer for each section and patrol charts prepared where necessary. Patrolling shall be organised by PWI accordingly. In addition, the PWI/PWM and the Gangmate shall be vigilant during summer and on hot days. Hot weather patrolling will also be introduced, when the rail temperature rises above td+25 degree Centigrade 

1. Hot weather patrolling will be carried out as follows:-

Short Note on Inspection of LWR

Inspection of LWR 

While requiring less maintenance, LWR / CWR necessitate intensive inspection at supervisory and officer’s level.The profile of the ballast section shall always be checked, especially at pedestrian/ cattle crossings, curves, Approaches of level crossings, points and crossings and bridges. Cess level should be correctly maintained. Replenishment of ballast shall be completed before the Onset of summer. Inspection shall be more frequent in the afternoons during summer months. During inspections, look out shall be kept for kinks, incipient buckles and checks made on functioning of the patrols. Knowledge of staff in regard to prescribed maintenance practices shall be periodically checked and it shall be ensured that the work is done accordingly. Ultrasonic examination of rails should not be in arrears. Defective rails / welds should be replaced expeditiously. Inspections of gaps at SEJ and creep / movement at centre of LWR / CWR by Permanent Way officials would be done as per following schedule:-

Short Note on Rail Clusters

 Rail Clusters 

Rail clusters are used for temporarily supporting the track for spans upto 3.66m(12ft).These are designed for M.L standard loading with 10% impact.90 Ibs.&75 Ibs. rails are normally used for the rail clusters. Number of rails required for 90Ibs & 75 Ibs section. Temporary arrangements with rail cluster on sleeper cribs 16.17

Short Note on Sleeper Cribs

Sleeper Cribs:-

Sleeper Cribs are required for supporting the rail clusters or Service spans at a particular height. Sleeper cribs are designed for a base loading of 1 Ton/Sq ft. If it is considered that soil is not fit for this loading, boulders must first be laid in such a manner as to spread the load until a safe bearing pressure is reached. The top surface of boulders is leveled with smaller stones to form an even surface for the first layer of sleepers. Single Cribs of wooden sleepers are made for height up to 3.05 meters (10ft),whereas double cribs are made for greater heights.

 Following points require special attention during construction of cribs.

(i) Size of crib depends upon the type & span of temporary girder and nature of rail.

(ii) Cribs should be constructed of good sound sleepers of size 2750x250x130mm(9’x10’x5”).

(iii) Sizes of sleeper cribs ranging from 1.525m to 7.625m(5ft to 25 for height and above along with speed restriction generally being followed for each, are given below:

(iv) Rails in sleeper cribs should be introduced at more than 1.83m(6’) interval in height.

(v) A layer of kacha plaster 75mm(3inches) thick should be laid on all exposed surfaces o the crib after the track has been laid to prevent danger from fire.

(vi) Should the height of the crib exceed 1.5m(5’),the cribs should be suitably tied with through bolts.

(vii) A watchman, equipped with fire fighting appliances such as fire buckets etc. should be employed to deal with any fire that may break out on the cribs.

(viii) Cribs forming abutments have to take the side thrust due to earth pressure of the embankment, apart from the load of the Engine& the train, and therefore such cribs require special attention. Normally an auxiliary crib is used behind the main crib to lower the plane at which the live load is applied and reduce the horizontal earth pressure on the main crib.

(ix) The arrangement of sleepers directly below the girder seating should be so done that the concentrated load gets spread over the length & breadth of cribs 16.26.

Short Note on Railway Affecting Works (R. A. W.)

Railway Affecting Works : 

Railway Affecting Works are those, the construction, defective design,  maintenance of operation of which may cause serious damage or breaches or flooding of Railway line or bridges. Some of the examples are:

(i) Irrigation and Water supply tanks or reservoirs

(ii) Canals in embankment and river bunds

Short Note on Monsoon patrolling

Monsoon patrolling -

The sections, which are normally to be patrolled during monsoon will be identified and notified by the Divisional Engineer. For every such section, the Divisional Engineer shall prescribe the period of year, when normal monsoon patrolling is to be done; patrolling should be started on these notified sections on the dates specified. If the local conditions warrant, the Permanent Way Inspector of the section concerned may introduce or continue night patrolling outside the stipulated dates, duly advising all concerned

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Short Note on Calendar Hamilton span

Calendar Hamilton span

• The modern day pref abricated Panel/Floor Beam/Deck system was first patented by A.M. Hamilton in 1935

• The bridge was used or quick mobilization to allow military access to remote locations or to replace destroyed bridges in times of conf lict.

• The design was centered on a series of gusset plates that allowed the direct attachment of the longitudinal, diagonal, vertical, and cross framing members.