Q.19. Short Notes :
1. Water supply distribution system.
2. Water closets and urinals, Flushing cisterns, wash basin.
3. Well Foundation.
4. Licensing of Railway land for cultivation.
5. Earnest money, security deposit.
6. Zonal works contract, quotations.
7. Delayed and Late tenders.
a. Water Supply distribution System : System depending upon the general topography of the area. Local conditions, orientation of the road.
The types of system is as under :-
(I)Dead end system or Tree System : In this system a main pipeline is laid in the centre of the area from where a numbers of sub-mains originate. Each sub-main is further sub-divided into branches pipes called laterals.
(ii) Grid Iron System : In this system the main sub main and branches are all inter-connected with each others. This system is most suitable for the cities having roads.
(iv) Radial System : In this system water from main pipes is pumped to the distribution resevoir at the centre of the location of the localities.
(b) Water Closets and Urinals : The sanitary fittings which receives the human excreta directly and filled with a S or P trap for water seal to prevent the entry of foul gases backward from the soil pipe, is called a water closet.
Urinals : A system receives of urine is called urinals.
Flushing Cisterns : Flushing Cisterns are provided for flushing the water closets and urinab. The may be of cast Iron, Viterous China or plastic china or plastic. For Indian type of WC, flushing cisterns generally provided Cast Iron.
Wash Basin : A washbasin is used for washing hands, face, etc. It is available in various pattern and sizes. Normally, oval shaped bowl type wash basin with over slow slot is used in houses. The wash basin is normally mounted on angle irons fixed on wall. The wash basin is provided
with two taps - cold water and hot water.
(c) Components of the Well Foundation :
(I)Well Curb and Cutting Edge : Bottom portion of the well is tapered and is called well cur
b. It should be strong enough to transfer the design load. Cutting edge, which is integral part of the well curb, is usually made of rails or mild steel plates and angles. Edge of the cutting is sharp to facilitate cutting of soil. Inclined portion of the well curb facilitates easy sinking. After the well curb, outer dimension of the well is very slightly reduced. and this facilitates in reducing skin friction, while sinking the well.
(II) Bottom Plug : As shown in the drawing, bottom portion of the well is filled up with M-15 grade concrete and is known as bottom plug. In most of the cases, there is always water in the well and bottom plug is to be done under water. Bottom plug should preferably be 300 mm above well curb.
(III) Top Plug : A 300 mm thick plug of at least M-10 grade of concrete is provided to work as top plug, as per section.
(IV) Well Steining : The thickness of steining is normally kept as one fourth the outside diameter of railway bridges. As per latest instructions, the thickness of well steining should not be less than 50 mm. Well steining is either constructed of mass concrete or reinforced concrete. Bond rods, disturbed uniformly on both the faces of steining, should be provided at a rate not less than 9kg/m to bond the units of the steining during the process of construction. They are tied up by providing adequate horizontal hoop reinforcement, which should not be less than 9kg/m. The cover for the rod should not be less than 75 mm.
(V) Well Cap : The bottom of the well cap should, as far as possible, be located 300 mm above the low water level. All the longitudinal bars from the well steining should be anchored into the wall cap. Well cap should be designed as a slab resting on the well steining.
LICENSING OF RAILWAY LAND FOR CULTIVATION
(I) Unused/unlicensed cultivable land should normally be utilized for afforestation purposes only.
(ii) Land given to State Government for GMF scheme should be taken back for afforestation.
(iii) Land licensed to outsiders should be taken back on expiry of current license terms and to be used for afforestation except on grounds of compassion or in case of those belonging to the categories of scheduled castes/scheduled tribes, landless poor or other weaker sections of Society on the specific approval of G.M.
(iv) Land licensed to Category ‘C’ Staff should be taken back for afforestation. Continuation of licenses permitted to Group ‘D’ Railway employees belonging to the categories of scheduled castes / schedules tribes and other weaker sections of society by Chief Engineer. However, land adjacent to gate lodges and ganghuts may be licensed to gateman and gangmen for cultivation purposes.
Quotations : In special situations, normal calling of tenders may be dispensed with and works can be executed by calling local quotations. The powers will be executed by the officers with their own administrative approval and no separate administrative approval is necessary subject to the following condition.
1. Normally powers to dispense with calling of tenders should be exercised sparingly. The circumstances under which quotations have to be called should be spelt out.
2. The work should not be spilt up for the purpose of bringing it within a ambit of this dispensation.
3. The reasonableness of rates should be gone into objective by the accepting authority.
4. Quotations should not be items, which can be executed through the existing contracts including Zonal contacts. 5. Quotations should not be for fancy items (expensive but of low utility).
6.Quotations should only be for works, which are urgent in nature.
7. Quotations should normally be invited for atleast 3 well experienced contractors/agencies not necessarily borne on the approved list.
8. Accepting authority must take precautions to see that the quotations/are from genuine firms (and not from fictitious firms), and
9. A register showing full particulars of works authorized through quotations will be maintained by the officer having powers to dispense with the calling of tenders. The register may also be sent to Associate finance while seeking their concurrence.
EARNEST MONEY
(I) It is a security against loss, in the event of contractor failing to under take the contract or to furnish the required security within the appointed time after the acceptance of his tender or until such time as the sums due to him form a sufficient guarantee.
(II) Amount of Earnest Money : The tender shall be required to deposit earnest money with the tender for the due performance with the stipulating to keep the offer open till such date as specified in the tender under the condition of tender. The earnest money shall be 2% of the estimated tender value as indicated in the tender notice. The earnest money shall be rounded to the nearest Rs. 10/-. This earnest money shall be applicable for all modes of tendering. The Earnest Money of the requisite amount is required to be deposit either in cash with the Chief Cashier or in any of the following form :-
(I) Deposit receipts pay orders & demand drafts. These forms of earnest money could be either of the State Bank of India or of any of the Nationalized banks. No confirmatory advice from Reserve Bank of India will be necessary.
(ii) Deposit Receipts executed by the scheduled banks (other than the State Bank of India and the Nationalized Banks) approved by the Reserve Bank of India for this purpose. The Railways will not, however, accept deposit receipt without getting in writing the concurrence of the Reserve Bank of India. No interest will be payable upon the Earnest Money and Security Deposit of amounts payable to the contractor under the contract. Standing earnest money deposit (EMD) The practice of following earnest money deposit (EMD) has been dispensed with :
SECURITY DEPOSITS
(I) Amount of Security Deposit Security deposits are to be paid by the contractor for the due fulfilment of contracts. The security deposit/rate of recovery/mode of recovery on acceptance of tender shall be as under :
a. These security deposit for each work will be 5% of the contract value.
b. The rate of recovery will be at the rate of 10% of the bill amount till the full security amount is recovered.
c. Security Deposit will be recovered only from the running bills of the contract and no other mode of collecting security deposit such as security deposit in the form of instruments like BG FD etc. shall be accepted towards security deposit. Delayed and Late Tenders Tender upto the time indicated in NIT, are normally received in a Tender Box which is sealed at the closing time. ‘Delayed Tenders’ received between the closing time and time of opening and ‘Late tenders’ received after the opening of tenders can be considered if tenders have been received from established /reliable suppliers conferring substantial financial advantage subject to approval of the Railway Board in each case.
Zonal Work Contracts : These zonal work contracts mostly cover new works, ordinary repairs and maintenance works in particular zone/area costing over Rs. 100,000. The zonal contracts are generally for one year and are awarded for each sub-division headed by Asstt. Engineer or Division is headed by Senior Scale or Junior Administrative grade officer. These are based on % above/below schedule of Rates. These have been adopted on a lumpsum amount of estimated cost of works during the year and the overall value of works to be done is specified. A work order is to be issued for each item of work to entrusted to the contractor.
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